Partial Knee Replacement

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Partial Knee Replacement

Partial Knee Replacement (PKR) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure designed to replace only the damaged portion of the knee joint, preserving the healthy bone, cartilage, and ligaments. It is an ideal solution for patients with localized arthritis or joint damage confined to a specific compartment of the knee, such as the medial (inner), lateral (outer), or patellofemoral (front) region. By focusing on the affected area, PKR maintains the natural movement of the knee and offers faster recovery compared to total knee replacement. This procedure provides significant pain relief, restores mobility, and helps patients return to an active lifestyle with a more natural-feeling joint.

Partial Knee Replacement

Joint Replacement Services

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Why Partial Knee Replacement is Needed

Partial Knee Replacement is typically recommended for patients with early to moderate knee arthritis or localized joint damage that does not affect the entire knee. Candidates often experience pain and stiffness in a specific area of the knee, making activities like walking, climbing stairs, or standing for extended periods challenging. Unlike total knee replacement, PKR is only appropriate for patients whose ligaments, including the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), remain intact, as these structures are crucial for joint stability. Imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI scans, help confirm that the damage is confined to one compartment, ensuring PKR is the most effective treatment option.

Preparing for Partial Knee Replacement

Preparation for Partial Knee Replacement begins with a thorough evaluation by the orthopedic surgeon, who will assess the extent of joint damage through imaging and physical examinations. Blood tests and other pre-operative screenings ensure the patient is fit for surgery and free from infections or conditions that may complicate recovery. Pre-surgery exercises to strengthen surrounding muscles are encouraged to improve post-operative outcomes. Patients are advised to manage weight, quit smoking, and make necessary adjustments in medications, such as stopping blood thinners, under medical supervision. Preparing the home with mobility aids and ensuring a comfortable recovery space are essential steps to facilitate healing and independence after surgery.

The Surgical Procedure

Performed under general or spinal anesthesia, Partial Knee Replacement is a minimally invasive procedure that typically takes 1-2 hours. The surgeon begins by making a small incision to access the affected compartment of the knee. Using precision tools, the damaged bone and cartilage are removed, leaving healthy tissues intact. The surgeon then prepares the joint for the implant, ensuring accurate alignment and fit. The prosthetic components, made from durable materials such as metal and medical-grade plastic, are secured to the bone using cement or other bonding techniques. Once the implant is in place, the surgeon checks the knee’s movement and stability before closing the incision with sutures or staples. A sterile dressing is applied, and the patient is moved to recovery.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery from Partial Knee Replacement is typically quicker and less intensive than recovery from total knee replacement due to the preservation of healthy knee structures. Patients are encouraged to begin moving the joint within hours after surgery to prevent stiffness and promote circulation. Most patients can bear weight and walk with assistance on the same day or the day after surgery. Physical therapy plays a critical role in restoring strength, flexibility, and range of motion, with a tailored program introduced shortly after discharge. Assistive devices like walkers or crutches may be used for the first few weeks. Many patients can return to light daily activities within 3-4 weeks, while full recovery, including resuming recreational activities, is achieved within 6-8 weeks.

Benefits and Risks

Partial Knee Replacement offers numerous benefits, including smaller incisions, reduced post-operative pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery times. By retaining the healthy parts of the knee, PKR provides a more natural feel and movement compared to total knee replacement. Patients often experience significant pain relief, improved joint function, and a quick return to daily activities. However, like any surgery, PKR carries potential risks such as infection, blood clots, or implant loosening. Additionally, some patients may develop arthritis in the untreated compartments of the knee, necessitating further surgical intervention. Advances in surgical techniques and prosthetic materials have minimized these risks, making PKR a highly effective solution for localized knee problems.